Editor's Note: this post introduces Brandon Klaus, a marine biologist and reef aquarium enthusiast kind enough to write for the Captive Aquatics Blog.
The Tridacna crocea clam, also called the boring clam, is the smallest of the "giant clam" species. It reaches a maximum length of about 6" (15 cm) and is often found in large groups on hard substrates.
T. crocea gets the nickname "the boring clam" because it actually digs into the rocky surface on which it is attached.
The clam accomplishes this feat by dissolving the soft carbonate rocks with enzymes that are secreted from the byssal opening, which is located on the underside of the clam. The clam will also use its "foot" to maneuver and position itself comfortably within the indention created in the rock. In addition to secreting enzymes, the byssal opening will also send out attaching filaments called byssal threads. These are sticky, thread-like filaments that further secure the clam onto the rocks.
Like other Tridacna clams, T. crocea requires intense light. Just like many corals, all giant clams create a majority of their food (sugar) through the photosynthesis accomplished by symbiotic algae (called zooxanthellae) living in the tissues of the clam. The algae provide nutrients to the clam, and in return receive protection and an appropriate environment in which they can thrive. T. crocea requires the most intense lighting of any species in this genus, and are typically found in shallower habitats. In the home aquarium, T. crocea clams need to be provided intense lighting from metal halides, T5 HO, or VHOs, and need to be placed up high on the rocky structures. Also, take care not to put the clam in direct laminar (stream) flow from powerheads and returns! Being in a strong, unidirectional flow can cause the clam to close and remain shut, which would prevent the clam from collecting enough light for the symbiotic algae. If the clam cannot collect enough light, it will starve and die.
Other things to consider when picking out a spot for your clam are coral neighbors and the ability of the clam to move on its own. Clams are protected by a thick calcium carbonate shell. However, they do have a large fleshy mantle that can be irritated. Reef inhabitants are always competing for light and a nearby coral can easily sting a clam. The irritation would cause the clam to remain closed during the day and could stress the clam out tremendously. But sometimes a clam can solve the problem of nasty neighbors on its own. They can move about on sand or rocks by using their foot to push them along. Clams move slowly, but only a few inches may be required in order to find a suitable location.
Clams are fairly easy animals to keep in established aquarims with proper lighting, but are not recommended for the novice aquarist. Research about proper husbandry is a must and specific types of equipment are required. [Editor's Note: choosing a healthy clam is important for success - look for a clam that reacts quickly to shadows, has full mantle extension, and is free of pyramid snails, which are small, white, cone shaped snails that prey on Tridacnids]
Crocea clams are beautiful additions to any aquarium and will certainly attract the interest of guests looking at your tank.
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